ABSTRACT
Introduction: The tumors affecting salivary glands have a wide morphological diversity. Objective: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of salivary gland tumors in patients treated at São Lucas Teaching Hospital at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (HSL-PUCRS), in Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil, from 2007 to 2016. Method: A retrospective study analyzing 201 files from the Department of Pathology at the HSL-PUCRS was carried out, by revising the medical records. Results: Seventy-three cases of salivary gland tumors were found, and their electronic and physical medical records were analyzed. Of the 73 cases, 56 (76.7%) were benign tumors and 17 (23.3%) were malignant tumors. The age group with the highest number of cases was between 41 and 60 years of age and the highest prevalence was found in females, with 54.8% of the cases. The parotid gland presented the highest prevalence, accounting for 72.6% of the cases. The predominant neoplasia was the pleomorphic adenoma, accounting for 53.4% of the tumors. The standard of distribution of neoplasms of salivary glands was similar to the encountered in other Brazilian regions. Conclusion: The largest salivary glands were the most affected by neoplastic processes. Pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma were the most frequent benign and malignant tumors, respectively, and parotid gland was the most affected site. In the light of previous literature data, the results allow to infer that some demographic characteristics (for example, sex and age) vary among the different geographic regions
Introducción: Los tumores que afectan a las glándulas salivales tienen una amplia diversidad morfológica. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de neoplasias de glándulas salivales en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (HSLPUCRS), en Porto Alegre (RS), desde 2007 hasta 2016. Método: Estudio retrospectivo mediante el análisis de 201 registros del Departamento de Patología de HSL-PUCRS. Resultados: Se encontraron 73 casos de neoplasias de glándulas salivales y se analizaron los registros electrónicos y físicos de los casos seleccionados. De los 73 casos, 56 (76,7%) fueron de neoplasias benignas y 17 (23,3%) de neoplasias malignas. El grupo de edad con mayor número de casos fue el de 41 a 60 años, y la mayor prevalencia en mujeres, con 54,8%. La glándula parótida tuvo una mayor prevalencia, constituyendo 72,6% de los casos. El tipo neoplásico más prevalente fue el adenoma pleomorfo, con 53,4%. El patrón de distribución de las neoplasias de glándulas salivales fue similar al encontrado en otras regiones de Brasil. Conclusión: Las glándulas salivales mayores fueron las glándulas más afectadas por procesos neoplásicos. El adenoma pleomórfico y el carcinoma adenoide quístico fueron los tumores benignos y malignos más frecuentes, respectivamente y el sitio más afectado fue la glándula parótida. Con base en la literatura previa, estos resultados permiten inferir que algunas características demográficas (por ejemplo, sexo y edad) varían entre las distintas regiones geográficas
Introdução: Os tumores que afetam as glândulas salivares apresentam vasta diversidade morfológica. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de neoplasias de glândulas salivares em pacientes atendidos no Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (HSL-PUCRS), em Porto Alegre (RS), no período de 2007 a 2016. Método: Estudo retrospectivo por meio da análise de 201 arquivos do Departamento de Patologia do HSL-PUCRS. Resultados: Foram encontrados 73 casos de neoplasias de glândulas salivares e os prontuários eletrônicos e físicos dos casos selecionados foram analisados. Dos 73 casos, 56 (76,7%) eram de neoplasias benignas e 17 (23,3%) de neoplasias malignas. A faixa etária com maior número de casos foi entre 41 e 60 anos e o sexo feminino apresentou a maior prevalência com 54,8%. A glândula parótida apresentou maior prevalência, perfazendo 72,6% dos casos. O tipo neoplásico mais prevalente foi o adenoma pleomórfico, com 53,4%. O padrão de distribuição das neoplasias de glândulas salivares foi semelhante ao encontrado em outras Regiões do Brasil. Conclusão: As glândulas salivares maiores foram as mais afetadas pelos processos neoplásicos. Adenoma pleomórfico e carcinoma adenoide cístico foram os tumores benignos e malignos mais frequentes, respectivamente, e a glândula parótida foi o local mais acometido. Com base na literatura prévia, esses resultados permitem inferir que algumas características demográficas (por exemplo, sexo e idade) variam entre as diferentes Regiões geográficas
Subject(s)
Parotid Gland , Salivary Glands, Minor , Salivary Gland Neoplasms , Adenoma, Pleomorphic , Head and Neck NeoplasmsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused mainly by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The better understanding of important metabolic pathways from M. tuberculosis can contribute to the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic strategies to combat TB. Nucleoside hydrolase (MtIAGU-NH), encoded by iunH gene (Rv3393), is an enzyme from purine salvage pathway in M. tuberculosis. MtIAGU-NH accepts inosine, adenosine, guanosine, and uridine as substrates, which may point to a pivotal metabolic role. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to construct a M. tuberculosis knockout strain for iunH gene, to evaluate in vitro growth and the effect of iunH deletion in M. tuberculosis in non-activated and activated macrophages models of infection. METHODS A M. tuberculosis knockout strain for iunH gene was obtained by allelic replacement, using pPR27xylE plasmid. The complemented strain was constructed by the transformation of the knockout strain with pNIP40::iunH. MtIAGU-NH expression was analysed by Western blot and LC-MS/MS. In vitro growth was evaluated in Sauton’s medium. Bacterial load of non-activated and interferon-γ activated RAW 264.7 cells infected with knockout strain was compared with wild-type and complemented strains. FINDINGS Western blot and LC-MS/MS validated iunH deletion at protein level. The iunH knockout led to a delay in M. tuberculosis growth kinetics in Sauton’s medium during log phase, but did not affect bases and nucleosides pool in vitro. No significant difference in bacterial load of knockout strain was observed when compared with both wild-type and complemented strains after infection of non-activated and interferon-γ activated RAW 264.7 cells. MAIN CONCLUSION The disruption of iunH gene does not influence M. tuberculosis growth in both non-activated and activated RAW 264.7 cells, which show that iunH gene is not important for macrophage invasion and virulence. Our results indicated that MtIAGU-NH is not a target for drug development.